Stones in the human body, often called calculi, are hard lumps that form inside our organs. These stones can form in different parts of the body like the kidneys, gallbladder, or even the bladder. Many people suffer from this problem, and it can cause pain, infection, or other health issues if not treated on time.
Let’s understand in simple words how stones are formed, their types, causes, symptoms, and how to prevent them.
What Are Stones in the Human Body?
are hard deposits of minerals and salts that build up in the body. Normally, the body flushes out waste and extra minerals through urine or bile. But sometimes, these minerals don’t get removed properly. When this happens, they start sticking together and slowly form a stone.
Types of Stones
There are different types of stones depending on where they form:
- Kidney Stones
Found in the kidneys. Most common type. These stones can move to the urinary tract and cause severe pain. - Gallstones
Found in the gallbladder. These are made of cholesterol or bile salts and may cause stomach pain, nausea, or vomiting. - Bladder Stones
Found in the bladder. Often caused when urine remains in the bladder for a long time. - Salivary Stones
Found in the salivary glands in the mouth. Rare, but they can block saliva flow.
How Do Form?
Stones form when the balance of minerals and fluids in the body is disturbed. This can happen for several reasons:
- Not drinking enough water
Less water in the body means less urine to flush out waste. - Too much salt or sugar in diet
High salt levels can increase calcium in urine, leading to stone formation. - Eating too much protein
Excess animal protein can increase uric acid, which may cause stones. - Obesity
Extra body weight changes the chemical balance in the body, increasing the chance of stone formation. - Certain medical conditions
Diseases like gout or diabetes can also increase the risk. - Family history
If someone in your family has had stones, your chances are higher.
Common Symptoms of Stones
Many people may not feel anything until the stone moves or blocks a tube (like the ureter in kidneys). Some common symptoms are:
- Sudden, severe pain in the lower back, stomach, or sides
- Painful or frequent urination
- Blood in urine
- Nausea and vomiting
- Fever and chills (in case of infection)
Gallstones may cause:
- Sharp pain in the upper right belly after eating fatty food
- Indigestion or bloating
How Are Stones Diagnosed?
Doctors use the following tests to find stones:
- Ultrasound – shows stones in kidneys or gallbladder
- X-ray or CT scan – gives a clear picture of the location and size
- Urine and blood tests – check for infection or high levels of stone-forming minerals
Treatment for Stones
The treatment depends on the size, type, and location of the stone.
- Small stones often pass out on their own by drinking lots of water and taking painkillers.
- Large stones may need special treatment like:
- Shock Wave Therapy (Lithotripsy) – breaks stones into small pieces
- Ureteroscopy – thin tube is passed to remove or break the stone
- Surgery – used in rare or complicated cases
- Gallbladder removal – in case of painful gallstones
- Shock Wave Therapy (Lithotripsy) – breaks stones into small pieces
How to Prevent Stones?
Prevention is better than cure. Here are some easy tips to stop stones from forming:
- Drink more water – at least 8-10 glasses a day
- Reduce salt in food
- Avoid too much protein, especially red meat
- Eat more fruits and vegetables
- Stay active and maintain a healthy weight
- Limit sugary drinks and processed food
Conclusion
Stones in the body are painful but preventable. The best way to avoid them is to stay hydrated, eat a balanced diet, and take care of your body. If you feel any symptoms like sharp pain or changes in urination, see a doctor quickly. Early detection can save you from serious problems and help you stay healthy.